In a queuing system, traffic intensity (ρ) is a key performance measure that indicates the utilization of the system by comparing the arrival rate to the service rate. It is calculated as the ratio of the arrival rate (λ), which represents the average number of customers arriving at the system per time unit, to the service rate (μ), which is the average number of customers that can be served by the system per time unit. Mathematically, it is expressed as ρ = λ/μ. A traffic intensity value less than 1 (ρ < 1) indicates that the system can handle the incoming workload without becoming congested, leading to a stable system with manageable waiting times. Conversely, a traffic intensity value equal to or greater than 1 (ρ ≥ 1) suggests that the system is at or above capacity, potentially resulting in longer queues and increased waiting times as demand exceeds the service capability. Thus, traffic intensity is a critical factor in assessing the efficiency and performance of queuing systems.